The process by which individuals provide written agreement to participate in research.

The provision of information about actual, potential and perceived conflicts of interest.

The dialogue, information sharing and general process through which prospective subjects choose to participate in research.

The process by which the subject consents to publication of the research results.

The research involves no more than minimal risk.

The waiver or alteration is unlikely to adversely affect the rights and welfare of the subject.

The research could not practicably be carried out without the waiver or alteration.

Whenever possible and appropriate, the subject will be provided with additional pertinent information after participation.

The waiver or altered consent may involve a therapeutic intervention.

Participation must be voluntary and free from coercion.

Provision of adequate information about the nature and goals of the study.

A comprehensive description of reasonable foreseeable risks and benefits from research participation.

Use of a consent form that requests written consent from each participant.

Never offering research subjects any financial remuneration.

Advising research subjects that they may withdraw from a study at any time.

Ensuring persons close to the subject are involved in recruitment so that subjects will feel comfortable asking questions.

Having persons in authority do recruitment so that the subjects know their superiors support the study.

The nature of the activities to be observed.

The environment in which the activities are to be observed.

The means by which written consent will be obtained from subjects.

The means of recording the observations and whether individuals may be identified.

Understanding the information presented.

Appreciating the potential consequences of the decision.

Providing one's own free and informed consent.

Managing one's own assets.